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EU Heat Pump Grants 2026: 10-Country Comparison (FR, DE, UK, NL, IT, ES, PL, SE, CZ, HU)

Side-by-side 2026 comparison of heat pump grants across 10 European countries: max amounts in EUR/local currency, eligibility, special bonuses (off-grid, income-modulated, fuel switch).

May 20, 202614 min

EU Heat Pump Grants 2026: 10-Country Comparison (FR, DE, UK, NL, IT, ES, PL, SE, CZ, HU)

Switching from a fossil-fuel boiler to a heat pump is the single most impactful retrofit a European household can make — and every government has structured its grant scheme differently. From the 70%-capped KfW 458 in Germany to the £7,500 flat-rate Boiler Upgrade Scheme in the UK, from the 100%-of-costs Czyste Powietrze niveau najwyższy in Poland to the 65% Conto Termico 3.0 in Italy, the typology of incentives in 2026 covers grants, tax credits, subsidised loans, income modulation and fuel-switch bonuses.

This comparison covers France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Sweden, the Czech Republic and Hungary — ten countries that together account for more than 80% of European residential heat pump installations. For each, we list the maximum grant amount, the scheme name, the eligibility rules, and the special bonuses worth knowing about.

Table of contents

Headline comparison table

The headline 2026 heat pump grant by country, for the most common case (single-family home, owner-occupier, air-source heat pump, mid-range income):

Country Scheme Max grant (local) Max grant (EUR) Type Income test
France MaPrimeRénov' geste + CEE coup de pouce €5,000 + €5,000 ~€10,000 Direct grant + obligation premium Yes (modulated)
Germany KfW 458 €21,000 (70% × €30k) €21,000 Direct grant Partial (income bonus)
United Kingdom Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) £7,500 (£9,000 off-grid) ~€8,800 (€10,580 off-grid) Flat-rate grant No
Netherlands ISDE €3,025 (8 kW A+++) typical €3,025 Per-kW grant No
Italy Conto Termico 3.0 65% (cap €30k Ecobonus) up to ~€19,500 Direct grant or 50% tax credit No
Spain RD 853/2021 + autonomous community ~€3,000 (Prog. 4) / up to €18,800 (Prog. 3 building) ~€3,000-18,800 Direct grant No (income modulation in some CCAAs)
Poland Czyste Powietrze 100% × 135,000 PLN ~€31,400 Direct grant + audit Yes (3 levels)
Sweden Bidrag för energieffektivisering 30% × 60,000 SEK ~€5,310 Direct grant + ROT 30% No (but conversion-based)
Czech Republic Nová zelená úsporám + Kotlíkové dotace varies; up to 80% (vulnerable) up to ~€10,000 Direct grant Partial
Hungary Otthonfelújítási Program 3.8M HUF non-refundable + 6M HUF loan ~€9,250 + €14,600 Grant + subsidised loan Yes (age/family-conditioned)

The numbers above are illustrative for a single-family home with a mid-range income switching from a gas/oil boiler to an air-source heat pump. Each country's specific bonuses (off-grid, income-modulated, fuel switch) can substantially raise these amounts — see the country-by-country breakdown below.

Heat pump grant typologies in Europe

European heat pump grant schemes fall into four main categories:

  1. Flat-rate grants (UK, Netherlands ISDE base, France geste): a fixed amount per technology, applied as an upfront discount or post-installation reimbursement.
  2. Percentage-of-cost grants with cap (Germany KfW 458, Italy Conto Termico, Czech NZÚ, Hungary): a defined % of eligible costs, capped at a maximum.
  3. Tax credits (Italy Ecobonus, Sweden ROT, French CITE legacy): a deduction from income tax, spread over multiple years.
  4. Subsidised loans (Germany KfW 358, France Éco-PTZ, Hungary Otthonfelújítási kölcsön): below-market loans, often combined with grants.

The EPBD revised 2024 has pushed a convergence around three principles since 1 January 2025:

  • No public subsidies for stand-alone fossil-fuel boilers (Article 17): Italy, Germany, France, Netherlands have already aligned. The UK has been compliant since the BUS launch in 2022.
  • Heat pumps must meet specific technical and acoustic standards. Germany tightened its acoustic limit to -10 dB below EU Ecodesign in 2026.
  • Income modulation in fuel-poor households is increasingly favoured (Poland, France, Germany, Czech Republic).

Country-by-country breakdown

France — MaPrimeRénov' + CEE + coup de pouce

Primary scheme: MaPrimeRénov' parcours par geste, managed by Anah for the Direction Générale de l'Énergie et du Climat (Anah ; economie.gouv.fr — MaPrimeRénov').

Heat pump grants 2026 (per geste, by income band — métropole hors Île-de-France):

Geste Bleu (very modest) Jaune (modest) Violet (intermediate) Rose (higher)
Air-to-water heat pump €5,000 €4,000 €3,000 not eligible
Geothermal / solar-thermal heat pump €11,000 €9,000 €6,000 not eligible
Solar combined system €10,000 €8,000 €4,000 not eligible
Heat-pump water heater €1,200 €800 €400 not eligible

Income thresholds 2026 (1 person, hors Île-de-France): Bleu €17,363 / Jaune €22,259 / Violet €31,185. RGE installer mandatory ; logement ≥ 15 years old.

On top of MaPrimeRénov', the Certificats d'Économies d'Énergie (CEE) coup de pouce Chauffage — PAC air/eau (FOST BAR-TH-171) provides ≈ €5,000 (very modest) / €4,000 (modest) / €3,000 (intermediate), with a calculation now based on kWhc × 5 from 1 January 2026 (Sonergia — Coup de pouce Chauffage 2026 ; Ilex Environnement).

Combined: a very modest household can stack MaPrimeRénov' Bleu €5,000 + CEE coup de pouce €5,000 = ~€10,000 for an air-water heat pump, plus VAT 5.5% reduction and an interest-free Éco-PTZ up to €15,000.

Reference: Décret 2025-956 du 8 septembre 2025.

Germany — KfW 458 (up to 70%)

The KfW 458 Heizungsförderung is the most generous heat pump grant in Europe in absolute terms (KfW — 458).

Structure:

  • Base: 30%
  • Climate-speed bonus: +20 pp (replacing functional oil/coal/gas-floor heater, or ≥ 20-year-old gas/biomass)
  • Income bonus: +30 pp (household taxable income ≤ €40,000/yr)
  • Efficiency bonus: +5 pp (natural refrigerant or water/ground/wastewater source)
  • Cap: 70%

Cost cap: €30,000 of eligible costs for a single-family home. Maximum grant: €21,000.

From 2026: tighter acoustic limit (-10 dB below EU Ecodesign for outdoor units). The Klimageschwindigkeitsbonus is degressive from 2029 (-3 pp every 2 years, disappearing in 2035) (ADAC — Förderung Heizung 2026).

Worked example: low-income household (€38k/yr) replacing an oil boiler with a brine-water heat pump → 30% + 20 + 30 + 5 = 85% theoretical, capped at 70% = €21,000.

United Kingdom — Boiler Upgrade Scheme

The Boiler Upgrade Scheme (BUS) offers a flat-rate upfront discount (Ofgem — BUS).

Amounts (2026):

  • Air-source heat pump (ASHP): £7,500 (~€8,800)
  • Ground-source heat pump (GSHP): £7,500
  • Exhaust-air heat pump: £7,500
  • Air-to-air heat pump: £2,500 (new from 28 April 2026)
  • Biomass boiler (rural): £5,000
  • Off-gas uplift: from 1 July 2026, the £7,500 grant rises to £9,000 for off-gas homes (oil/LPG → heat pump) (Infinity Energy — £9,000 uplift).

No income test, no EPC requirement (abolished by SI 2026/390 in April 2026). MCS-certified installer required. England and Wales only — Scotland uses the Home Energy Scotland Grant and Loan (up to £15,000 = £7,500 grant + £7,500 loan).

Netherlands — ISDE

The Investeringssubsidie Duurzame Energie en Energiebesparing (ISDE) is administered by RVO (RVO — ISDE warmtepomp).

Heat pump amounts 2026:

  • First air-water heat pump: base €1,025 + €225/kW + €200 energy-label bonus (A+++).
  • Example: 4 kW A+++ = €1,025 + €900 + €200 = €2,125.
  • Example: 8 kW A+++ ≈ €3,025 (Milieu Centraal benchmark).
  • Geothermal heat pump 6 kW A+++ ≈ €4,425.
  • Minimum guaranteed: €500 for any heat pump (incl. hybrid).

2026 changes:

  • F-gas threshold: heat pumps with refrigerant charge < 3 kg AND GWP > 750 (R410A, R407C) no longer eligible from 1 January 2026 (Gawalo — ISDE 2026 small splits with GWP > 750 out). R290 (propane) heat pumps are not affected.
  • Application limit: 1 per 3 years from 2026.

Building age requirement: built before 1 January 2019 (or building permit before 1 July 2018).

Combinability: ISDE combines with the Nationaal Warmtefonds Energiebespaarlening (subsidised loan) and with municipal grants (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht, Den Haag, Eindhoven).

Italy — Ecobonus + Conto Termico 3.0

Italy offers two routes:

Ecobonus (tax credit):

  • 50% prima casa / 36% other cases.
  • Heat pump sub-cap: €30,000 of eligible expenses.
  • Maximum tax credit: €15,000 (prima casa) or €10,800 (other cases).
  • Recovery over 10 years via IRPEF.

Conto Termico 3.0 (direct grant) (GSE — Conto Termico 3.0):

  • Up to 65% for heat pumps.
  • +10% for EU-produced components.
  • Single payment if incentive ≤ €15,000; otherwise 2-5 annuities.

The two are mutually exclusive on the same expense but combinable on distinct interventions in the same project. Stand-alone gas/gasoil boilers are excluded since 1 January 2025.

Spain — RD 853/2021 + PRTR

Spain transposes its retrofit framework primarily through Real Decreto 853/2021 (PRTR — Recovery and Resilience Facility) (BOE-A-2021-16233), extended by RD 326/2026 (Iberley).

The most relevant programmes for heat pumps:

  • Programa 3 (building scale): up to €6,300/dwelling (30-45% saving), €11,800 (45-60%), €18,800 (>60%).
  • Programa 4 (individual dwellings): 40% of cost, max €3,000/dwelling (≥ 7% heating/cooling demand reduction OR ≥ 30% primary energy reduction).
  • Maximum cumulative: up to €21,400/dwelling.

Execution deadline: 30 June 2026, with potential extension. Heat pumps are eligible as part of the substitución de equipos térmicos. The autonomous communities (CCAAs) modulate the conditions — see Comunidad de Madrid — ayudas PRTR.

Poland — Czyste Powietrze

The Czyste Powietrze ("Clean Air") programme, run by NFOŚiGW, is the most ambitious heat pump scheme in Eastern Europe (czystepowietrze.gov.pl).

Three income-modulated levels:

Level Max grant (PLN) Max grant (EUR) Coverage rate Income threshold
Base 66,000 PLN ~€15,350 40% Annual household ≤ 135,000 PLN
Enhanced 99,000 PLN ~€23,000 70% Monthly per person ≤ 2,250 PLN (multi) / 3,150 PLN (mono)
Highest 135,000 PLN ~€31,400 100% Monthly per person ≤ 1,300 PLN (multi) / 1,800 PLN (mono)

Heat pumps are explicitly eligible. Audit bonus: +1,200 PLN.

Major changes in 2026 (enzeit.com — Czyste Powietrze 2026):

  • From 31 March 2026, energy audit mandatory for all levels.
  • Removal of electric heating aid (last eligible year).
  • Removal of 3-year ownership requirement.

Polish households also have Moje Ciepło for new-build heat pumps: up to 21,000 PLN for geothermal, 7,000 PLN for air-water/air-air.

Sweden — Bidrag för energieffektivisering i småhus

Sweden's Bidrag för energieffektivisering i småhus subsidises heat pumps where they replace direct electric or gas heating (Boverket).

Rate: 30% of material cost, cap 60,000 SEK (~€5,310). Budget €300 MSEK/year through 2030 ; ordinance update in force 17 August 2026.

Eligibility: villa or two-dwelling building, permanent residence, originally heated by direct electricity or gas. The scheme is conversion-based — homes already on heat pump or district heating are not eligible.

On top: the ROT-avdrag (30% labour deduction, back from the temporary 50% rate of 2025) provides 30% of installation labour cost, capped at 50,000 SEK/person/year (€4,425). ROT and Bidrag cannot be combined on the same expense.

Czech Republic — Nová zelená úsporám and Kotlíkové dotace

The Czech Republic combines two schemes:

  • Nová zelená úsporám (NZÚ): national grant scheme for households across the income spectrum. Heat pumps, biomass boilers, solar thermal eligible.
  • Kotlíkové dotace: regional grant scheme for vulnerable households replacing old solid-fuel boilers (SFŽP — Kotlíkové dotace). Up to 80% of eligible costs for low-income households.

The 14 krajské úřady administer regional calls complementing the national NZÚ. Heat pumps qualify as eligible zdroj tepla under both schemes.

Hungary — Otthonfelújítási Program

The Otthonfelújítási Program (energy efficiency track) combines a non-refundable grant of HUF 2.5-3.8 million (€6,100-9,250) with a subsidised loan up to HUF 6 million (€14,600) (Magyar Államkincstár).

Eligibility:

  • Dwellings built before 31 December 2006.
  • Minimum 30% energy saving (certified by pre/post EPC).
  • Own contribution ≥ 14.3% of total budget.

Important 2026 status: the national programme was suspended in several counties from 17 April 2026 (budget exhaustion) and then suspended nationally on 23 April 2026. The parallel Vidéki Otthonfelújítási Program (rural < 5,000 inhabitants) remains active for families with children and pensioners, with grants up to HUF 3,000,000 (~€7,300) and an option of a HUF 6 million loan at preferential rates.

The new Otthoni Energiatároló Program (residential battery storage) launched in February 2026 covers complementary investments.

Cross-cutting bonuses: off-grid, income-modulated, fuel switch

Off-grid / off-gas uplift

The UK leads on off-grid uplift: from 1 July 2026, the £7,500 BUS grant rises to £9,000 for properties off the gas grid switching from oil or LPG. This implicitly recognises the higher cost and complexity of retrofitting rural homes.

In Scotland, the Home Energy Scotland Grant and Loan adds a +£1,500 rural & island uplift on both heating and energy-efficiency grants.

In Hungary, the Vidéki Otthonfelújítási Program is reserved for communes < 5,000 inhabitants.

In Italy, no specific off-grid bonus, but Conto Termico 3.0 offers a +10% EU-produced components bonus.

Income-modulated grants

The most generous income-modulated schemes in 2026 are:

  • Poland — Czyste Powietrze: 40% / 70% / 100% rates depending on per-capita income.
  • France — MaPrimeRénov': 4-tier modulation Bleu / Jaune / Violet / Rose (the latter mostly excluded).
  • Germany — KfW 458 Einkommensbonus: +30 pp for households ≤ €40,000 taxable income.
  • UK — Warm Homes: Local Grant: full retrofit for households ≤ £36,000/yr (alongside ECO4 for benefit-recipients).
  • Italy — Conto Termico 3.0: same rate for all, but Bonus Sociale energetico provides parallel bill support.

Fuel-switch bonuses

The Klimageschwindigkeitsbonus in Germany (+20 pp on KfW 458 for replacing a functional fossil heater) is the most prominent fuel-switch bonus in Europe. France's MaPrimeRénov' implicitly rewards fuel switching by maintaining heat pumps eligible while removing biomass and direct electric from many forfaits. The UK and Italy ban fossil-boiler grants entirely under the EPBD 2024 alignment.

Choosing the right scheme: practical heuristics

  1. You earn under €40,000 / £36,000 / a low-income threshold → check the income-modulated bonus first. KfW 458 at 70%, MaPrimeRénov' Bleu, Czyste Powietrze highest tier, UK ECO4 will likely give you the biggest grant.

  2. You have a high income or no income test applies in your country → look at the flat-rate grants (UK BUS, Netherlands ISDE) or the percentage-with-cap schemes (Germany base 30-50%, Italy Conto Termico 65%).

  3. You don't have enough tax to absorb a credit over 10 years → choose a direct grant scheme rather than a tax credit. In Italy, this means Conto Termico 3.0 rather than Ecobonus. In Sweden, the Bidrag rather than ROT.

  4. You're switching from oil or LPG (off-grid) → check the UK BUS off-gas uplift (£9,000 from July 2026), Scotland's rural uplift (+£1,500), Hungary's Vidéki programme, or Germany's Klimageschwindigkeitsbonus (+20 pp).

  5. You're combining heat pump + insulation → most countries have specific bonuses for combined measures. The Netherlands doubles the insulation grant for 2+ measures. France adds a coup de pouce CEE rénovation d'ampleur. Germany's iSFP doubles the BAFA cap to €60,000.

FAQ

Which country offers the highest absolute heat pump grant in 2026? Poland (Czyste Powietrze, highest tier): up to 135,000 PLN ≈ €31,400, but only for low-income households. Germany (KfW 458): up to €21,000 without the income bonus only €15,000, but no upper income threshold.

Which country offers the highest grant as a % of cost? Poland Czyste Powietrze niveau najwyższy: up to 100% of eligible costs. Germany KfW 458: capped at 70%. Italy Conto Termico: up to 65% (75% with EU-component bonus). Spain RD 853/2021: up to 60-80% via combined PRTR programmes.

Can I get a heat pump grant if I'm a landlord? Yes in France, Germany (with some bonuses reserved for owner-occupiers), the UK (BUS open to private landlords) and the Netherlands (via the SVOH scheme for rental properties). Poland's Czyste Powietrze is restricted to owner-occupiers / co-owners.

Are gas boilers still eligible for grants? Stand-alone gas boilers are no longer eligible for public subsidies in any EU country since 1 January 2025 (EPBD Article 17). Factory-made hybrid systems (heat pump + small gas boiler) remain eligible in Germany, Italy and France.

What's the new acoustic requirement for heat pumps in Germany? From 1 January 2026, the outdoor unit must be at least 10 dB below EU Ecodesign sound limits to qualify for KfW 458. The reference date is the installation date, not the application date.

Is there a single EU-wide heat pump grant? No — heat pump grants are national competence. The EU coordinates via the REPowerEU plan (heat pump deployment target), the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive recast 2024, and the Recovery and Resilience Facility (which funds national schemes like Italy's Conto Termico 3.0 and Spain's RD 853/2021).

Which countries pay the grant upfront vs after the works?

  • Upfront discount (installer applies): UK BUS, Italy Ecobonus with cessione del credito (only in narrow exceptions), Sweden ROT, France CEE coup de pouce.
  • After the works: France MaPrimeRénov', Germany KfW 458 (paid post-completion), Netherlands ISDE, Italy Conto Termico 3.0, Spain RD 853/2021.

Conclusion

Europe's heat pump grant landscape in 2026 is highly heterogeneous but converges around three principles: (1) no public subsidies for stand-alone fossil boilers, (2) income modulation to reach fuel-poor households, and (3) acoustic + technical standards that go beyond EU Ecodesign. For a single-family home, the maximum grants range from €2,125 (Netherlands base case) to €31,400 (Poland highest income tier), with Germany's KfW 458 at €21,000 and the UK BUS at £7,500-9,000 as the two largest universal-access schemes.

To find the right grant in your country and run a side-by-side comparison, visit our country pages — /en/pays/de, /en/pays/uk, /en/pays/it, /en/pays/fr, /en/pays/nl, /en/pays/pl — or run the multi-country simulator: /en/simulateur/fr.

Sources

France

Germany

United Kingdom

Netherlands

Italy

Spain

Poland

Sweden

Czech Republic

Hungary

EU-wide context